In a vaginal hysterectomy, the surgeon accesses and removes the uterus via the vaginal canal. The operation is performed under anesthesia, and the uterus is detached from surrounding tissues before being removed. Depending on the medical indication, the cervix may also be removed, and in selected cases, the ovaries and fallopian tubes may be addressed during the same surgery.
Because the surgery is performed internally, there are no visible scars on the abdomen.
Why Is Vaginal Hysterectomy Done?
A vaginal hysterectomy may be advised for the following conditions:
- Uterine prolapse (descent of the uterus into the vagina)
- Uterine fibroids causing symptoms
- Heavy or abnormal uterine bleeding
- Chronic pelvic pain related to uterine disease
- Certain benign gynecological disorders
The decision is based on the patient’s age, symptoms, overall health, and future reproductive plans.
Vaginal Hysterectomy Procedure
The procedure is carried out under spinal or general anesthesia. After adequate preparation, the uterus is carefully separated from its supporting structures and removed through the vagina. The surgery usually takes one to two hours, depending on complexity.
In some cases, removal of ovaries or fallopian tubes may be recommended, which is discussed with the patient beforehand.
Benefits of Vaginal Hysterectomy
Vaginal hysterectomy offers several advantages over abdominal surgery:
- No abdominal incision
- Reduced post-operative pain
- Shorter hospital stay
- Faster recovery and return to normal activities
- Lower risk of wound-related complications
These benefits make it a preferred option when medically suitable.
Recovery After Vaginal Hysterectomy
Most patients stay in the hospital for 2 to 4 days. Initial rest is essential, and light activities can usually be resumed within a few weeks. Complete recovery typically occurs within 4 to 6 weeks.
During recovery, patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting, strenuous exercise, and sexual intercourse until cleared by their doctor. Following medical advice helps ensure smooth healing.
Risks and Possible Complications
Like any surgery, vaginal hysterectomy carries some risks, although serious complications are uncommon. Possible risks include infection, bleeding, injury to nearby organs, or anesthesia-related issues. With proper surgical expertise and post-operative care, the procedure is generally considered safe.
Vaginal vs Abdominal vs Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Vaginal hysterectomy differs from other approaches in several ways.
Compared to abdominal hysterectomy, it involves less pain and quicker recovery.
When compared to laparoscopic hysterectomy, it avoids abdominal ports and is often simpler for suitable cases.
The choice of method depends on the patient’s condition and the surgeon’s assessment.
Life After Vaginal Hysterectomy
After hysterectomy, menstrual periods stop permanently. If the ovaries are preserved, hormonal function usually continues normally. Most patients experience improvement in symptoms such as pain or heavy bleeding and are able to resume a normal, active life after recovery.
Conclusion
Vaginal hysterectomy is an effective and minimally invasive surgical option for treating several gynecological conditions. With benefits such as faster recovery, less pain, and no visible scars, it is often preferred when suitable. A detailed consultation with a gynecologist is essential to determine whether this approach is the right choice for an individual patient.